Grid congestion in Poland: outages are the locational risk for BESS
Poland sets one wholesale power price for the whole country, so congestion does not show up in the price. The best public record of where the grid is full is PSE's list of network constraints on power plants. The grid operator issued around 35,000 of them between June 2024 and October 2026. Those records show where a battery risks losing charging or discharging capability, and how closing coal could change that. They cover the transmission grid only, so batteries on distribution networks face more risk than they show.
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