European FCR data explained: how Ko can analyse it
Frequency Containment Reserve (FCR) is the first line of defence for European grid frequency, and the closest thing European balancing has to a single market. Nine countries buy it together in one daily auction, at one shared price if there are no import or export limits in the way. It is a symmetric capacity product: the auction pays for capacity held on standby in each direction, and how much frequency actually needs correcting during delivery doesn't change what a capacity block earns. For a full primer on the mechanics, read FCR explained: why it matters for batteries.
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