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Research

MACSE: Fixed returns to scale up Italian storage

3 hours ago

Italy’s first MACSE auction on September 30th will contract 10 GWh of storage providing long-term revenues.

The state of BESS offtakes in the NEM: Tolls, revenue swaps and PPAs

16 hours ago

Offtake contracts provide battery owners the ability to lock in value from their assets over a longer timeframe than that available from the market. The owner receives some level of guaranteed revenue in exchange for some of the upside available from t...

aFRR explained: Germany’s biggest ancillary services opportunity

4 days ago

Automatic frequency restoration reserve (aFRR) is Germany’s biggest ancillary-service opportunity - and batteries are built for it. Value comes from two linked markets: a day-ahead capacity auction (pay-as-bid, €/MW/h) and a near-real-time energy auction (pay-as-clear, €/MWh). But rising competition means optimisation, not just qualification, decides the winners.

The rise of grid-forming batteries in the NEM

09 Sep 2025

The retirement of synchronous generation is causing electricity grids worldwide to lose critical sources of system stability. Grid-forming (GFM) technologies will be essential to replace this capability and ensure electricity grids have the resilience ...

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