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Research

What’s the optimal battery duration in Germany?

Market Analysis

01 Dec 2025

Battery duration determines both revenue risk and bankability. Extra hours add value, but revenue gains flatten more quickly than costs fall. So what's the optimum?

Flexible connection agreements: boost or barrier for Germany’s battery boom?

13 Nov 2025

Germany’s BESS grid queue is long and delays are driving widespread interest in Flexible Connection Agreements: reduced revenue potential and higher exposure to constraint risk.

Day-ahead explained: The core of Germany’s battery market

15 Oct 2025

Germany’s day-ahead market (DA) clears next-day prices in 96 fifteen-minute blocks. Renewables deepen midday lows and steepen evening ramps, widening spreads. For BESS, DA sets SoC plans and core arbitrage—charge the dip, discharge the ramp.

German ancillary service saturation: Lessons from Great Britain

Ancillary Services

09 Oct 2025

GB shows what happens when supply outruns demand: availability prices slide toward battery opportunity cost, and stacks must pivot. In Germany, expect aFRR capacity to compress as the overbuild ratio climbs past 1.0, while aFRR energy tracks intraday and won’t structurally saturate.

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