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Research

Fast track to co-location in Spain

Market & Policy Updates

18 Dec 2025

Seven months after the blackout, Royal Decree 997/2025 has cut the permitting timelines for co-located battery storage. For sites with granted permits, environmental impact assessment for the battery is no longer required. The path from development to market has shortened from four years to under two.

Spain’s upcoming voltage control market: What it means for BESS

Market & Policy Updates

17 Nov 2025

This analysis examines the current trends in voltage control through CCGT activation in the Technical Restrictions market. Tracks the evolution of voltage control from pilot projects to the regulator’s 2025 market reform. And, it compares Spain’s new framework with the UK’s established reactive power tenders.

PPAs in a time of negative prices: Lessons from Spain

Market Analysis

22 Oct 2025

Spain was one of Europe's leading solar PPA markets in 2024, but contracts were stress-tested when the wholesale market saw negative prices for the first time. In spring 2025, there were 404 negative-price hours in the wholesale market, which is 72% more than in Germany.

aFRR in Spain: what really changed with PICASSO

Ancillary Services

06 Oct 2025

Spain introduced a new national aFRR (automatic Frequency Restoration Reserve) market in November 2024 as a preparatory step, and then fully connected to the PICASSO European platform on 17 June 2025. This shift has reshaped how bids are submitted (including asymmetric bids), how prices form, and where the value lies upward and downward.

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