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Research

aFRR in Spain: what really changed with PICASSO

Market Analysis

06 Oct 2025

Spain introduced a new national aFRR (automatic Frequency Restoration Reserve) market in November 2024 as a preparatory step, and then fully connected to the PICASSO European platform on 17 June 2025. This shift has reshaped how bids are submitted (including asymmetric bids), how prices form, and where the value lies upward and downward.

Spain’s battery energy storage buildout outlook

26 Sep 2025

Spain’s utility-scale battery storage market is entering a decisive growth phase. By 2029, the country could host up to 5 GW of installed capacity, including announced projects and those supported by €700m in EU FEDER subsidies.

Market Analysis

08 Aug 2025

Spain's solar sector operates differently from most European markets. Around 70% of installations work under merchant conditions. This analysis examines Spain's solar market transformation, the rise of negative prices, and why battery storage has become essential for maintaining profitability.

Iberia: How long does it take to get an asset to market in Spain?

24 Jul 2025

Energy developers are navigating a 3-5 year journey from initial concept to commercial operations. This analysis examines the reality of bringing utility-scale energy assets to market in Spain, revealing why the country's renewable boom is accompanied by extended development timelines and what this means for investors, developers, and Spain's 2030 energy targets.

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